Charlie parker biography video of charles

American jazz musician (1920–1955)

This clause is about the American malarkey musician. For other people get a feel for the same name, see Twit Parker (disambiguation).

Musical artist

Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – Go on foot 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" take-over "Yardbird", was an American jazzsaxophonist, bandleader, and composer.^[1][2] Parker was a highly influential soloist significant leading figure in the situation of bebop,^[3] a form well jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso gift introduced revolutionary rhythmic and harmonized ideas into jazz, including quick passing chords, new variants observe altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker was primarily a athlete of the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for probity hipster subculture and later excellence Beat Generation, personifying the ornament musician as an uncompromising genius and intellectual rather than rational an entertainer.^[4]

Early life

Charles Parker Jr. was born at 852 Denizen Avenue in Kansas City, River, to Charles Parker Sr. avoid Adelaide "Addie" Bailey, who was of mixed Choctaw and African-American background. He was raised coop up Kansas City, Missouri, near Westport Road. His father was generally required to travel for pierce, but provided some musical whittle because he was a musician, dancer and singer on dignity Theatre Owners Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) circuit, later becoming a Coach waiter or chef on picture railways. Parker's mother worked each night at the local Western Junction office during the 1920s.

Parker extreme went to a Catholic high school and sang in its response, but his parents separated impossible to tell apart 1930 due to his father's alcoholism and the effects work the Great Depression. By depiction time he was in extraordinary school, Parker, his older stepbrother John, and his mother Addie were living near 15th Organism and Olive Street and she was working as a purifying in order to afford housing.

Parker began playing the saxophone tiny age 11, and at scrutinize 14 he joined the Lawyer High School band where loosen up studied under bandmaster Alonzo Author. His mother purchased a newborn alto saxophone around the equal time. Parker's biggest influence charge his early teens was graceful young trombone player named Parliamentarian Simpson, who taught him integrity basics of improvisation.

Parker withdrew plant high school in December 1935, joined the local musicians' wholeness accord, and decided to pursue sovereign musical career full-time.

Career

1936–1938: Jam session and woodshedding

Upon leaving high grammar, Parker began to play better local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City and commonly ambitiously took part in push sessions with more experienced musicians. In early 1936, at sole such jam session with goodness Count Basie Orchestra, he misplaced track of the chord undulate while improvising. This prompted Jo Jones to contemptuously remove clean up cymbal from his drum scrape and throw it at surmount feet as a signal nominate leave the stage.

Rather than sycophantic discouraged, Parker vowed to employ harder. He mastered improvisation give orders to, according to his comments detour an interview with Paul Desmond, spent the next three support four years practicing up jab 15 hours a day.^[13][14][15] Saxist proposed to Rebecca Ruffin, surmount girlfriend four years his superior, and the two were united on July 25, 1936.^[16] They had two children together in the past divorcing in 1939, in unprofessional part due to his immature drug addiction.^[17][18]

In late 1936, Saxist and a Kansas City strip traveled to the Ozarks optimism the opening of Musser's Impromptu south of Eldon, Missouri. Future the way, the caravan worldly musicians had a car misfortune and Parker broke three ribs and fractured his spine. Regardless of his near-death experience on rectitude way to the Ozarks mop the floor with 1936, Parker returned to birth area in the summer dressingdown 1937, where he spent unadorned great deal of time woodshedding and developing his sound. Essential with two musicians on chordal instruments, a pianist and instrumentalist respectively, he was able extinguish practice improvising over chord shift variations and began to develop influence ability to solo fluently beat chords and scales.

In 1938, Writer joined pianist Jay McShann's tract band. His first gig go out with the band was during rank summer or early fall unconscious the Continental Club in River City, where Parker worked little a substitute alto saxophonist in the vicinity of Edward "Popeye" Hale.^[24] In Dec, he joined Harlan Leonard's Rockets; the band played at dances including a Christmas dance ration which Parker was listed awarding a local newspaper as helpful of the Rockets' personnel.^[25]

1939–1944: Action of bebop

In 1939, Parker awkward to New York City run alongside pursue his musical career however worked part-time jobs to sham a living. Among the excellent musically significant of these jobs was as a dishwasher supportive of nine dollars a week outburst Jimmie's Chicken Shack, where composer Art Tatum performed.^[26] Struggling lay into poverty, Parker went to primacy home of fellow alto sax player, Buster Smith, to psychoanalysis for help. Smith allowed Author to live in his lodging for six months and gave him gigs in his bandeau. Parker's playing at these gigs impressed several New York musicians including pianist and bandleader Aristo Hines.^[18]

While living in New Royalty, Parker achieved his musical edifying, developing a new improvisational words which later came to nominate known as "bebop". Playing "Cherokee" in a practice session rule guitarist William "Biddy" Fleet, let go realized that the 12 semitones of the chromatic scale sprig lead melodically to any critical, breaking some of the extent of simpler jazz soloing. Saxophonist recalled: "I'd been getting listless with the stereotyped changes renounce were being used all honourableness time at the time, alight I kept thinking there's spring to be something else. Rabid could hear it sometimes nevertheless I couldn't play it ... Well, that night I was working over 'Cherokee' and, chimpanzee I did, I found lapse by using the higher intervals of a chord as capital melody line and backing them with appropriately related changes, Berserk could play the thing I'd been hearing. I came alive."

In 1940, he returned to River City to perform with Simpleton McShann and to attend nobility funeral of his father, River Sr. The younger Parker accordingly spent the summer in McShann's band playing at Fairyland Pleasure garden for all-white audiences; trumpet artiste Bernard Anderson introduced him give a warning Dizzy Gillespie. The band besides toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as vigorous as Chicago and New Royalty City,^[28][29] and Parker made emperor professional recording debut with McShann's band that year.^[30] When infiltrate New York, to experiment sure of yourself his new musical ideas divagate went beyond the bounds walk up to McShann's group, Parker joined neat as a pin group of young musicians who played in after-hours clubs etch Harlem venues including Clark Monroe's Uptown House. Fellow musicians take up the venues included developing beboppers Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, instrumentalist Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke. A pianist and amity of the pioneers of jazz, Mary Lou Williams, offered uncomplicated further explanation that the after-hours sessions were an opportunity "to challenge the practice of downtown musicians coming uptown and 'stealing' the music."^[31]

Parker left McShann's call for in 1942 and played make public one year with Hines, whose band also included Gillespie. Subdue, this band's performances and ergo Parker's role in them entrap virtually undocumented due to righteousness strike of 1942–1944 by decency American Federation of Musicians, fabric which time few professional recordings were made. In fact, practically of bebop's critical early manner was not captured for children due to the ban status the new genre gained want radio exposure as a result.^[32][33] The few recordings in which Parker participated in 1943 took place in Chicago and facade a jam session recording industrial action Gillespie and bassist Oscar Pettiford, another session with Billy Eckstine playing trumpet, some informally verifiable practice sessions, and a combination with pianist Hazel Scott.^[30] Parker's time with Hines' band extract his traveling between New Royalty and Chicago enabled him with respect to model his style on, according to his own words, regular "combination of the Midwestern up to date and the fast New Royalty tempos." Parker began writing compositions thanks to his growing congeniality with Gillespie, who began characters Parker's solos as melodies. In the middle of these early Parker compositions were "Koko", "Anthropology", and "Confirmation".

Saxist left Hines' band and wary a small group with Trumpeter, pianist Al Haig, bassist Curley Russell, and drummer Stan Levey. The group stood out evacuate its contemporaries, as it was racially integrated and it required a guitarist for rhythmic hindmost. This new format enabled soloists to be freed from mellow and rhythmic restrictions, and envelop late 1944 the group tied up certain a gig at the Yoke Deuces club in New Dynasty. The group's name recognition massive along 52nd Street and dismay style was dubbed "bebop" instruct the first time. Musicians conjure up other clubs came to make an attempt bebop and reacted negatively consent it because, according to bassist Charles Mingus, they saw impassion as a threat to their existing style of jazz.

1945–1953: Lone career

It was not until 1945, after the AFM's recording disallow was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roofy and others had a important effect on the jazz nature. One of their first small-group performances together was rediscovered stop in full flow 2004 and released in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945. Bebop soon gained open up appeal among musicians and fans.^[36][37]

On November 26, 1945, Parker direct a record date for Savoy Records, marketed as the "greatest Jazz session ever". Recording restructuring Charlie Parker's Reboppers, Parker enlisted sidemen Gillespie and Miles Painter on trumpet, Curley Russell distort bass and Max Roach outcropping drums. The tracks recorded cloth this session include "Ko-Ko", "Billie's Bounce", and "Now's the Time".^[38]

In December 1945, the Parker cluster traveled to an unsuccessful arrangement at Billy Berg's club inspect Los Angeles. Most of excellence group returned to New Royalty, but Parker remained in Calif., cashing in his return coupon to buy heroin. However, puzzle out Parker dedicated one of reward compositions to local drug businesswoman "Moose the Mooche" at unembellished studio session in the arise, the dealer was arrested; elitist without access to heroin, Writer turned to an alcohol craving. He suffered a physical deed mental breakdown after a factory session in July 1946 care for Dial Records, and was for a little while jailed after setting the unstable sheets of his Los Angeles hotel room on fire snowball then running naked through representation lobby while intoxicated, after which he was committed to birth Camarillo State Mental Hospital back six months.^[39][40]

When Parker received crown discharge from the hospital, earth was healthy and free implant his drug habit. Before abandon ship California, he recorded "Relaxin' make a fuss over Camarillo," in reference to surmount stay in the mental dispensary, at one of two lucky recording sessions. The first type these sessions took place catch on a septet while the shortly paired Parker with pianist Erroll Garner's trio and vocalist Aristocrat Coleman. Upon returning to Modern York in 1947, however, Author resumed his heroin usage. Why not? recorded dozens of sides staging the Savoy and Dial labels, which remain some of justness high points of his historical output. Many of these were with his new quintet, plus Davis and Roach.^[43] Parker charge Davis disagreed on who forced to be the quintet's pianist, accurate Parker originally hiring Bud General for a May 1947 setting session but later favoring Gillespie's arranger, John Lewis; Davis pet Duke Jordan. Ultimately the piece used both pianists as Saxist wanted to balance leadership help the group with mentoring lower musicians such as Davis.

Following nobility establishment of a regular gathering, Parker signed for Mercury Documents with Jazz at the Symphony promoter Norman Granz as climax producer. The partnership enabled Saxist to work with musicians dismiss other genres, such as Exemplary jazz percussionist and bandleader Machito, and to appear in concerts at Carnegie Hall as back into a corner of the Jazz at illustriousness Philharmonic series.^[45] Further, Granz was able to fulfil a longstanding desire of Parker's to doing with a string section. Operate was a keen student realize classical music, and contemporaries coeval he was most interested take the music and formal innovations of Igor Stravinsky and longed to engage in a game akin to what later became known as Third Stream, trig new kind of music, embodying both jazz and classical dash as opposed to merely general a string section into history of jazz standards. On Nov 30, 1949, Norman Granz quick for Parker to record swindler album of ballads with spick mixed group of jazz add-on chamber orchestra musicians. Six virtuoso takes from this session became the album Charlie Parker reduce Strings: "Just Friends", "Everything Happens to Me", "April in Paris", "Summertime", "I Didn't Know What Time It Was", and "If I Should Lose You".^[30]

In 1950, Parker and Gillespie recorded Bird and Diz, an album roam proved to be among righteousness few times Parker worked climb on bebop pianist Thelonious Monk; significance music was released in 1952.^[47] Meanwhile, Parker's regular group dirty popular success with a Dweller tour in 1950^[45] and stick up for gigs at New York nightclubs continued, leading to live albums One Night in Birdland (with Fats Navarro and Powell) talented Summit Meeting at Birdland (with Gillespie and Powell). However, Saxist became frustrated and disillusioned mosey, due to racial discrimination, explicit was reaching the limits attain what he would be out of your depth to achieve in his career.

In 1953, Parker performed at Massey Hall in Toronto, joined alongside Gillespie, Mingus, Powell, and Roach.^[49] The concert happened at depiction same time as a televised heavyweight boxing match between Specious Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott, so the musical event was poorly attended. Mingus recorded position concert, which resulted in dignity album Jazz at Massey Hall. At this concert, Parker non-natural a plastic Grafton saxophone.^[51]

Other live on, and often bootleg, recordings remind you of Parker were made in integrity early 1950s, frequently with assemblys other than his usual gathering. Among the most notable dispense these recordings, particularly from rank perspective of critics, were Charlie Parker in Sweden (recorded mid his 1950 Sweden tour), Bird at St. Nick's (with Held Rodney), Inglewood Jam (recorded expect 1952 with Chet Baker), Live at Rockland Palace (recorded live on with his quintet and record accompaniment), Charlie Parker at Storyville (with Herb Pomeroy and Hollow Garland), and The Washington Concerts (recorded unrehearsed in 1953 keep a big band).^[49]

1954–1955: Illness point of view death

Since 1950, Parker had back number living in New York Throw away with his common-law wife, Chan Berg, the mother of reward son, Baird (1952–2014),^[52] and culminate daughter, Pree (who died batter age 3).^[53] He considered Chan his wife, although he not at any time married her; nor did elegance divorce his previous wife, Doris, whom he had married deduct 1948.^[45]

The death of Parker's girl Pree from pneumonia in 1954 devastated him and, after generate fired from Birdland in Sep of that year, he attempted to commit suicide. He was hospitalized and made a decent recovery by early 1955 formerly his health declined again harvest March.^[45] Parker's last gig attention March 4 at Birdland completed when Powell refused to amusement in his group and representation performance spiraled into an grounds among the musicians. Parker became drunk and a few years later visited the suite wink Baroness Pannonica at the Stanhope Hotel in New York Nation in ill health. He refused to go to hospital arena died on March 12, 1955 while watching The Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show on television. Description official causes of death were lobar pneumonia and a unstaunched cruel ulcer, but Parker also challenging advanced cirrhosis and had hail a heart attack and efficient seizure. The coroner who concluded his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be among 50 and 60 years all-round age.

The details surrounding Parker's inattentive were controversial. Doris Parker assumed that she, Parker's mother, stomach Art Blakey were aware follow Parker's death before March 14, when Pannonica claimed she regulate revealed the news on shipshape and bristol fashion phone call to Chan. Pannonica, however, visited a nightclub insecurity March 13, the day afterwards Parker died at her quarters but before she informed Chan of Parker's death. Further, newspapers incorrectly reported Parker's age renovation 53 when he died, trip Parker's tombstone incorrectly claimed meander he died on March 23.

Parker's marital status complicated the decline of Parker's estate and eventually frustrated his wish to pull up interred in New York Cornetist paid for the funeral arrangements,^[57] which included a Harlem parade officiated by Congressman and Rector Adam Clayton Powell Jr. bear out the Abyssinian Baptist Church attend to a memorial concert. Parker's intent was flown back to Chiwere, in accordance with his mother's wishes. Chan criticized Doris champion Parker's family for giving him a Christian funeral even scour they knew he was distinctive atheist. Parker was buried send up Lincoln Cemetery in Missouri, household a hamlet known as Flashy Summit, located close to I-435 and East Truman Road.^[59]

Some input of controversy continued after Parker's burial in the Kansas Capability area. His tomb was rotten with the image of precise tenor saxophone, though Parker problem primarily associated with the high saxophone. Later, some people required to move Parker's remains run into reinforce redevelopment of the celebrated 18th and Vine area.^[60]

Personal life

Parker acquired the nickname "Yardbird" entirely in his career while add the road with Jay McShann.^[61] This, and the shortened warp "Bird", were used as nicknames for Parker for the scatter of his life and emotional the titles of a circulation of Parker's compositions, such orangutan "Yardbird Suite", "Ornithology", "Bird Gets the Worm", and "Bird fall for Paradise".

Parker's life was riddled with mental health problems lecturer an addiction to heroin. Allowing it is unclear which came first, his addiction to opiates began at the age hill 16, when he was stung in a car crash countryside a doctor prescribed morphine make known the pain. The addiction walk stemmed from this incident in a state him to miss performances, essential to be considered unreliable. Make out the jazz scene, heroin conquered was prevalent and the matter could be acquired with short difficulty.

Although he produced many fanciful recordings during this period, Parker's behavior became increasingly erratic. Opiate was difficult to obtain in times gone by he moved to California, spin the drug was less unabridged, so he used alcohol restructuring a substitute. A recording superfluous the Dial label from July 29, 1946, provides evidence weekend away his condition. Before this seminar, Parker drank a quart^{[clarification needed]} of whiskey. According to justness liner notes of Charlie Author on Dial Volume 1, Saxophonist missed most of the good cheer two bars of his crowning chorus on the track "Max Making Wax". When he at length did come in, he biased wildly and once spun employment the way around, away cheat his microphone. On the exertion tune, "Lover Man", producer Abominable Russell physically supported Parker. Put a ceiling on "Bebop" (the final track Saxophonist recorded that evening), he begins a solo with a crowded first eight bars; on coronet second eight bars, however, proscribed begins to struggle, and neat desperate Howard McGhee, the musician on this session, shouts, "Blow!" at him. Charles Mingus alleged this version of "Lover Man" to be among Parker's largest recordings, despite its flaws.^[64] On the other hand, Parker hated the recording talented never forgave Ross Russell form releasing it. He re-recorded rendering tune in 1951 for Dash. Parker's life took a preference for the worse in Walk 1954 when his three-year-old colleen Pree died of cystic fibrosis and pneumonia.^[53] He attempted selfannihilation twice in 1954, which right away again landed him in exceptional mental hospital.^[65]

Artistry

Parker's style of paper involved interpolation of original melodies over existing jazz forms existing standards, a practice known kind contrafact and still common sketch jazz today. Examples include "Ornithology" (which borrows the chord making of jazz standard "How Lanky the Moon" and is uttered to be co-written with horn player Little Benny Harris), come first "Moose The Mooche" (one systematic many Parker compositions based bond the chord progression of "I Got Rhythm"). The practice was not uncommon prior to bop, but it became a stomp on of the movement as artists began to move away unapproachable arranging popular standards and so as to approach composing their own material. In all probability Parker's most well-known contrafact evaluation "Koko", which is based state the chord changes of righteousness popular bebop tune "Cherokee", destined by Ray Noble.^[66]

While tunes much as "Now's The Time", "Billie's Bounce", "Au Privave", "Barbados", "Relaxin' at Camarillo", "Bloomdido", and "Cool Blues" were based on square 12-bar blues changes, Parker further created a unique version make public the 12-bar blues for tunes such as "Blues for Alice", "Laird Baird", and "Si Si." These unique chords are famed popularly as "Bird Changes". On the topic of his solos, some of authority compositions are characterized by extended, complex melodic lines and copperplate minimum of repetition, although fiasco did employ the use break into repetition in some tunes, well-nigh notably "Now's The Time".^{[citation needed]}

Parker contributed greatly to the today's jazz solo, one in which triplets and pick-up notes were used in unorthodox ways tote up lead into chord tones, affording the soloist more freedom convey use passing tones, which soloists previously avoided. His recordings were used for a book motionless solo transcriptions, the posthumously accessible Charlie Parker Omnibook.^{[citation needed]}

Other customary Parker compositions include "Ah-Leu-Cha", "Anthropology" (co-written with Gillespie), "Confirmation", "Constellation", "Moose the Mooche", "Scrapple evade the Apple" and "Yardbird Suite", the vocal version of which is called "What Price Love", with lyrics by Parker.^{[citation needed]}

Miles Davis once said, "You stem tell the history of trimming in four words: Louis Jazzman. Charlie Parker".^[67]

Discography

Main article: Charlie Saxist discography

Recognition

Awards

Grammy Award

Grammy Hall of Fame

Recordings be unable to find Charlie Parker were inducted space the Grammy Hall of Superiority, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 nearby honor recordings that are as a consequence least twenty-five years old, soar that have "qualitative or sequential significance".

Inductions

Government honors

In 1995, say publicly U.S. Postal Service issued nifty 32-cent commemorative postage stamp hoard Parker's honor.^[70]

In 2002, the On of Congress honored his tape "Ko-Ko" (1945) by adding make for to the National Recording Registry.^{[citation needed]}

United States historic place

From 1950 to 1954, Parker lived keep an eye on Chan Berg on the clay floor of the townhouse bully 151 Avenue B, across strange Tompkins Square Park in Manhattan's East Village. The Gothic Reawakening building, which was built be concerned about 1849,^[73] was added to rendering National Register of Historic Accommodation in 1994^[74] and was numbered a New York City train in 1999. Avenue B betwixt East 9th and East Ordinal Streets was given the titular designation "Charlie Parker Place" coop up 1992.^{[citation needed]}

Musical tributes

• Jack Kerouac's mute poem "Charlie Parker" to help piano by Steve Allen lying on Poetry for the Beat Generation (1959)^{[citation needed]}
• In 2014, saxophonist near bandleader Aaron Johnson produced historically accurate recreations of the Charlie Parker with Strings albums.^[75]
• Lennie Tristano's overdubbed solo piano piece "Requiem" was recorded in tribute bring under control Parker shortly after his death.^{[citation needed]}
• American composer Moondog wrote surmount famous "Bird's Lament" in sovereignty memory; published on the 1969 album Moondog.^{[citation needed]}
• Since 1972, depiction Californian ensemble Supersax harmonized uncountable of Parker's improvisations for a- five-piece saxophone section.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1973, guitarist Joe Pass released queen album I Remember Charlie Parker in Parker's honor.^[76]
• Weather Report's whistles fusion track and highly highly praised big band standard "Birdland", take from the Heavy Weather album (1977), was a dedication by head Joe Zawinul to both Dickhead Parker and the New Royalty 52nd Street club itself.^{[citation needed]}
• The biographical song "Parker's Band" was recorded by Steely Dan pressure its 1974 album Pretzel Logic.^{[citation needed]}
• Avant-garde jazz trombonist George Family. Lewis recorded Homage to River Parker (1979).^{[citation needed]}
• The opera Charlie Parker's Yardbird by Daniel Schnyder, libretto by Bridgette A. Wimberly, was premiered by Opera City on June 5, 2015, let fall Lawrence Brownlee in the phone up role.^[77]
• The name of British Decade blues-rock band The Yardbirds was at least partially inspired mass Parker's nickname.^[78]
• Charles Mingus' song "Reincarnation of a Lovebird"^{[citation needed]}
• In 1993, Anthony Braxton recorded a 2-CD album titled Charlie Parker Project, released in 1995. This data was re-released in 2018 in the same way part of an 11-CD abduction titled Sextet (Parker) 1993.^[79]

Other tributes

• In 1949, the New York shadowy club Birdland was named beckon his honor. Three years after, George Shearing wrote "Lullaby medium Birdland", named for both Saxophonist and the nightclub.^{[citation needed]}
• The 1957 short story "Sonny's Blues" close to James Baldwin features a jazz/blues playing virtuoso who names Mug as the "greatest" jazz maestro, whose style he hopes withstand emulate.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1959, Jack Author completed his only full-length poem work, Mexico City Blues, release two poems about Parker's account, writing in those works meander Parker's contribution to music was comparable to Ludwig van Beethoven's.^[80]
• The 1959 Beat comedy album How to Speak Hip, by comedians Del Close and John Brant, lists the three top nearly "uncool" actions (both in high-mindedness audio and in the inside layer notes) as follows: "It keep to uncool to claim that order about used to room with Gull. It is uncool to get on that you have Bird's chuck. It is even less punctual to ask 'Who is Bird?'"^[81]
• A memorial to Parker was effusive in 1999 in Kansas Bit at 17th Terrace and Goodness Paseo, near the American Showiness Museum located at 18th ride Vine, featuring a 10-foot (3 m) tall bronze head sculpted do without Robert Graham.^{[citation needed]}
• The Charlie Author Jazz Festival is a straightforward two-day music festival that takes place every summer on prestige last weekend of August employ Manhattan, New York City, belittling Marcus Garvey Park in Harlem and Tompkins Square Park assume the Lower East Side, godparented by the non-profit organization Bring Parks Foundation.^{[citation needed]}
• The Annual Airhead Parker Celebration is an reference festival held in Kansas Yield, Kansas since 2014. It evenhanded held for 10 days presentday celebrates all aspects of Saxophonist, from live jazz music give orders to bootcamps, to tours of government haunts in the city, pop in exhibits at the American Malarky Museum.^[82]
• In the short-story collection Las armas secretas (The Secret Weapons), Julio Cortázar dedicated "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer") to Charlie Writer. This story examines the rob days of a drug-addicted instrumentalist through the eyes of fillet biographer.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1981, jazz scorekeeper Phil Schaap began to hostess Bird Flight, a radio see to on WKCR New York fervent entirely to Parker's music.^[83] Righteousness program continues to be announce on WKCR in 2022.^[84]
• In 1984, modern dance choreographer Alvin Choreographer created the piece For Fall guy – With Love in consecrate of Parker. The piece registry his life from his inopportune career to his failing health.^{[citation needed]}
• A biographical film called Bird, starring Forest Whitaker as Saxophonist and directed by Clint Eastwood, was released in 1988.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1999 the Spanish metal ribbon Saratoga created the song Charlie se Fue in honor take in Charlie Parker, for the release Vientos de Guerra.
• In 2005, probity Selmer Paris saxophone manufacturer deputed a special "Tribute to Bird"^[85] alto saxophone, commemorating the Ordinal anniversary of Parker's death (1955–2005).
• Parker's performances of "I Remember You" (recorded for Clef Records feature 1953, with the Charlie Author Quartet, comprising Parker on contralto sax, Al Haig on softness, Percy Heath on bass, extort Max Roach on drums) person in charge "Parker's Mood" (recorded for justness Savoy label in 1948, grow smaller Parker on alto sax, Ablutions Lewis on piano, Curley Uranologist on bass, and Max Sidle on drums) were selected offspring literary critic Harold Bloom tend inclusion on his shortlist dispense the "twentieth-century American Sublime", nobleness greatest works of American matter produced in the 20th c A vocalese version of "Parker's Mood" was a popular happy result for King Pleasure.^{[citation needed]}
• Jean-Michel Basquiat created many paintings to standing Charlie Parker, including Charles distinction First, CPRKR, Bird on Money, Bird of ParadiseArchived May 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, and Discography I.^{[citation needed]}
• Charlie Theologist, drummer for the Rolling Stones, wrote a children's book ruling Ode to a High Fugacious Bird as a tribute get tangled Parker. Watts has cited Saxist as a large influence leader his life when he was a boy learning jazz.^{[citation needed]}
• The 2014 film Whiplash repeatedly refers to the 1937 incident go in for the Reno Club, changing leadership aim point of the cymbals to his head and outcome to it as evidence roam genius is not born however made by relentless practice take up pitiless peers.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker is referenced in the 2023 video diversion Marvel's Spider-Man 2. In magnanimity game, there is a inhabit mission in which Parker's Sax is stolen and must have someone on recovered by Miles Morales Transcribe Spider-Man. Once recovered, a stamp discusses Parker's music, making incline to his song, "Ornithology", take discussing his impact on ruffle and hip hop.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker deference mentioned in the comic divest oneself of The Far Side and Metropolis Larson invites his audience in the neighborhood of find amusement in what inaccuracy perceives as Parker's disdain cherish introspective or slow-moving New Burst music; implying that the notional saxophonist would find it "hellishly" insipid.^{[citation needed]}

Citations

References