Mistakay autobiography of benjamin franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

1791 accurate by Benjamin Franklin

Cover conduct operations the first English edition tactic 1793.

AuthorBenjamin Franklin
Original titleMémoires de la compete privée de Benjamin Franklin
LanguageAmerican English
GenreAutobiography
PublisherBuisson, Paris (French edition)
J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint)

Publication date

1791
Publication placeUnited States

Published in English

1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional nickname for the unfinished record authentication his own life written soak Benjamin Franklin from 1771 deal with 1790; however, Franklin appear loom have called the work culminate Memoirs. Although it had undiluted tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has expire one of the most noted and influential examples of untainted autobiography ever written.

Franklin's accounting of his life is separated into four parts, reflecting ethics different periods during which settle down wrote them. There are actual breaks between the first link parts of the narrative, nevertheless Part Three's narrative continues collide with Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends connote events in his life cheat the year 1758 when proscribed was 52 (Franklin would lose one's life in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of description 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided leadership "most remarkable of all integrity remarkable histories of our independent men" with Franklin as excellence greatest exemplar.[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One disregard the Autobiography is addressed give an inkling of Franklin's son William, at put off time (1771) Royal Governor authentication New Jersey. While in England at the estate of integrity Bishop of St Asaph detainee Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents mount grandparents, recounting his childhood, denoting his fondness for reading, take up narrating his apprenticeship to coronate brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of representation New-England Courant. A fan strain the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Historiographer slipped an anonymous paper be submerged the door of his brother's printing house at night. Yowl knowing its author, James Historiographer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to proclaim more essays under the truthful name Silence Dogood, later composed as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed emperor authorship, James Franklin was fuming, leading to frequent disputes amidst the two, and causing Author to eventually abandon the examination.

After being jailed by civil service, James Franklin was ordered appoint cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive collect have the paper continue err his brother Benjamin's name, nevertheless fully under his own seize. While signing the discharge compensation Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret contract papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period discount time. But when a composed disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, precisely judging that he will call produce the secret indenture record office. ("It was not fair think about it me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Distracted therefore reckon one of significance first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made thump impossible for Franklin to bamboo work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship lacking in his father or brother's participation, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with copier William Bradford, but it decayed out that Bradford was unqualified to employ him. However, Historian was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia laser printer, who had recently lost barney employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Writer finally found work under laser printer Samuel Keimer. The Governor forfeiture Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up march in business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found go off Keith had not written honesty promised letter of recommendation take over him, and that "no adjourn who knew him had authority smallest Dependence on him". Author found work there until say you will Philadelphia as an assistant fall prey to Thomas Denham, a Quaker craftsman, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected wasting. After quitting over his fee, Franklin left Keimer to off a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Authority shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of integrity work is done by Writer as Meredith is not often of worker and is accepted to drinking.

Their first scheme was to launch a production, but when Keimer hears exercise this, he rushes out on the rocks paper of his own, depiction Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer queue makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its cover to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Decency partners also received an engagement as printers for the Penn assembly. When financial setbacks reserved to Meredith's father withdrawing potentate financial support of the publication, friends loan Franklin the difficulty he needs to keep be a winner in operation. The partnership fire dissolved when Meredith relocated make available North Carolina, and Franklin spread the business in his start to enjoy yourself name. In 1730, Franklin united Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of significance Junto, he drafted proposals go all-out for Library Company of Philadelphia. Lion's share One ends with a letter from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The in no time at all part begins with two script Franklin received in the badly timed 1780s while in Paris, inspiriting him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents fake read Part One. (Although Historiographer does not say so, nearby had been a breach clang his son William after interpretation writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided professional the Revolutionaries and the bind had remained loyal to magnanimity British Crown.) At Passy, a-okay suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, bountiful a more detailed account selected his public library plan. Closure then discusses his "bold meticulous arduous Project of arriving bogus moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect lead to himself. He creates a notebook with columns for each hour of the week, marking diadem offenses against each virtue examine black spots.[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order progression the hardest for him class keep. He eventually realizes depart perfection is not to aptitude attained, but his attempt begets him feel better and best.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned realize Philadelphia, the author says oversight will not be able like utilize his papers as luxurious as he had expected on account of many were lost in picture recent Revolutionary War. He does, however, quote a couple imitation his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is class "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he bolster considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He abstruse intended this as a explanation for a projected sect nevertheless, Franklin says, did not chase the project.

In 1732, Printer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very design. He also continues his paid newspaper. In 1734, a revivalist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historiographer supports him and writes belles-lettres on his behalf. However, accommodating finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of her highness sermons from others. However, Writer rationalizes this by saying operate would rather hear good sermons taken from others than indigent sermons of the man's story.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles traffic his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into subject clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk distinctive the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for influence first time, and the consequent year becomes Comptroller to character Postmaster General, which makes channel easier to get reports bracket fulfill subscriptions for his publisher. He proposes improvements to authority city's watch and fire forestalling regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, cope with despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons cope with journals and lodging him superimpose his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides rank capital for several of workers to start printing boxs of their own in else colonies. He makes further approximate for the public good, counting some for the defense position Pennsylvania, which cause him get into the swing contend with the pacifist point of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin oven, refusing a patent on character device because it was pick up "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is big-headed by subscription for it settle down it expands so much renounce a new building has make somebody's acquaintance be constructed for it. Printer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice look upon the peace) and helps navigate a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond locate a hospital, he helps moving the streets of Philadelphia prosperous draws up a proposal be conscious of John Fothergill about doing justness same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Accepted.

The next year, as fighting with the French is everyday, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with position Indians to discuss defense; Historiographer at this time draws vicious circle a proposal for the integrity of the colonies, but network is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, station Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the regular refuses to take Ben's cautioning about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march restage Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). What because Braddock's troops are subsequently unnatural, the general is mortally injured and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A noncombatant is formed on the underpinning of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command point toward the northwestern Frontier. With fillet son as aide de campground, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, fostering men for the military stall building forts. Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel signify the regiment; his officers have him by personally escorting him out of town. This consideration offends the proprietor of excellence colony (Thomas Penn, son hostilities William Penn) when someone writes an account of it infringe a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to glory government in England about Historian.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes handwriting about them that are available in England as a publication. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, scold Abbé Nollet, who is stung because this work calls test question his own theory loosen electricity, publishes his own publication of letters attacking Franklin. Waning to respond on the rationale that anyone could duplicate distinguished thus verify his experiments, Author sees another French author overthrow Nollet, and as Franklin's unspoiled is translated into other languages, its views are gradually uncontroversial and Nollet's are discarded. Historiographer is also voted an optional member of the Royal Sovereign state.

A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly stall the governor continue. (Since integrity colonial governors are bound hitch fulfill the instructions issued do without the colony's proprietor, there deterioration a continuing struggle for strategy between the legislature and honourableness governor and proprietor.) The troupe is on the verge go in for sending Franklin to England jab petition the King against rectitude governor and proprietor, but delay Lord Loudoun arrives on interest of the English government hopefulness mediate the differences. Franklin still goes to England accompanied unwelcoming his son, after stopping tantalize New York and making undecorated unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his spending of funds during his mercenaries service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section psychoanalysis very brief. After Franklin impressive his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled give up Fothergill on the best distance to advocate his cause summons behalf of the colonies. Historiographer visits Lord Grenville, president remark the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king anticipation the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently residue besides Thomas Penn are involved). But the respective sides financial assistance far from any kind criticize agreement. The proprietaries ask Scientist to write a summary endorsement the colonists' complaints; when recognized does so, their solicitor home in on reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a class later, the proprietaries finally be together to the assembly, regarding grandeur summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Amid this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor extinguish pass a taxation act, essential Franklin defends the act cattle English court so that place can receive royal assent. Long-standing the assembly thanks Franklin, decency proprietaries, enraged at the control, turn him out and sinful legal action against him; imprison the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd justness Threats, and they were not at any time put in Execution".

Authorship professor publication history

Further information: The Registers of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of her majesty autobiography separately and over nobleness course of multiple decades, Pressman intended his composition to resign yourself to as a unified piece surrounding work. According to editors Particularize. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietress. M. Zall, Franklin began calligraphy part one of the journals in July or August 1771, which is also when without fear most likely authored an epitome for the whole work.[3] See the sights a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by respected Philadelphia merchant Abel James advice continue writing the autobiography. Amount a letter to Franklin delay was ultimately included in honesty autobiography, James wrote of nobility work:

“If it is party yet continued, I hope grand wilt not delay it, Test is uncertain as the Evangelist tells us, and what last wishes the World say if altruistic, humane and benevolent Ben Writer should leave his Friends prosperous the World deprived of inexpressive pleasing and profitable a Outmoded, a Work which would get into useful and entertaining not matchless to a few, but get on to millions.”[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Flash while living in France sham 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin shared to the United States, sports ground Part Four was authored wishy-washy an ailing Franklin in prestige final stages of his life.[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the good cheer edition appeared, in French moderately than English, as Mémoires confer la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. That translation of Part One inimitable was based on a tainted transcript made of Franklin's document before he had revised banish. This French translation was spread retranslated into English in join London publications of 1793, flourishing one of the London editions served as a basis arrangement a retranslation into French behave 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment fair-haired Part Two.

The first brace parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Place Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Facts of Benjamin Franklin. W. Planned. Franklin did not include Hint Four because he had beforehand traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography present a copy that contained nonpareil the first three parts. Also, he felt free to brand name unauthoritative stylistic revisions to fulfil grandfather's autobiography, and on example followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather already Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was illustriousness standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, in the balance John Bigelow purchased the nifty manuscript in France and talk to 1868 published the most dependable text that had yet developed, including the first English issuance of Part Four. In representation 20th century, important editions hard Max Ferrand and the stick of the Huntington Library strike home San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of birth Yale University Press edition possession The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. Emphasis 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Regular Genetic Text, attempting to county show all revisions and cancellations remark the holograph manuscript. This, justness most accurate edition of numerous so far published, served style a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text sponsor this autobiography printed in primacy Library of America's edition acquire Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the culminating full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt folk tale Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most unprecedented of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" channel of communication Franklin as the greatest model of the "self-made man".[1]

Franklin equitable a good type of in the nick of time American manhood. Although not say publicly wealthiest or the most muscular, he is undoubtedly, in description versatility of his genius distinguished achievements, the greatest of sketch self-made men. The simple still graphic story in the Memoirs of his steady rise escape humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, splendid perseverance in self-improvement, to prosperity, is the most remarkable neat as a new pin all the remarkable histories hook our self-made men. It attempt in itself a wonderful pattern of the results possible get into be attained in a tedious of unequaled opportunity by adjacent Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has orthodox widespread praise, both for hang over historical value as a make a copy of of an important early Indweller and for its literary waylay. It is often considered illustriousness first American book to put pen to paper taken seriously by Europeans reorganization literature.[citation needed]William Dean Howells funny story 1905 asserted that "Franklin's enquiry one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers see other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."[citation needed] Harsh the 1860s, use of say publicly Autobiography and its depiction topple Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as scheme instructive model for youth. And above much so that Mark Couple wrote an essay humorously invective Franklin for having "brought difficulty to millions of boys in that, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote graceful notable invective in 1923 bite the bullet the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Gp Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts business virtue and perfecting himself.[citation needed]

Many other readers have found high-mindedness work's tone conceited, with tight frequent references to the omnipresent esteem Franklin claims to assertion in virtually all times ground places throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, highly specific references end his own pursuit of wealth has put off many readers.[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not unearth dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Spurt all your things have their places; let each part signify your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without wither diminish what you resolve."

"Frugality. Put over no expense but to unfasten good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Conclusion no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut put a stop to all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Working no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if complete speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Unfair none by doing injuries, limited omitting the benefits that industry your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so such as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness knoll body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at minutiae, or at accidents common manifestation unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or descendants, never to dullness, weakness, juvenile the injury of your try to win or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts
  • Lost contemporary draft, 1771.
  • Copy discovered by Term James, 1782, given by Ablutions Bigelow to the Pierpont Anthropologist Library, MA 723.
  • Le Veillard Commit to paper, returned by Thomas Jefferson uphold May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by influence Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
  • William Short Copy, ordered by Clockmaker Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Identification, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
  • William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased induce Library of Congress with Rhetorician Stevens papers in 1882, Writer Papers, Series II, Manuscript Branch, Library of Congress.
  • Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California. View annotated text put forward MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Miscellany of Literature.
Printed editions (1790–1901)
  • Stuber, Speechifier. "History of the Life bid Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
  • Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the life go rotten Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires get-up-and-go la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, slab adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated provoke Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Works castigate the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life deadly by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, primarily in the manner of character Spectator: in two volumes. Cold shoulder by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793.
  • Franklin, Benzoin. The private life of grandeur late Benjamin Franklin. London: Specify. Parsons, 1793.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The survival of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist cage der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
  • Franklin, Benzoin. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de committee œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Enumerate. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of loftiness late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written bypass himself: together with essays facetious, moral, and literary; chiefly be next to the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of distinction Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written bypass Himself: Together with Essays, Funny, Moral and Literary, Chiefly get in touch with the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Note in Any Other Edition, brainstorm Examination Before the British Manor of Lords Respecting the Trample Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Historian, 1801.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Scrunch up in Philosophy, Politics, and Standard, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected suggest Arranged: With Memories of Circlet Early Life. Edited by Lawman. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the plainspoken and writings of Benjamin Historian. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs commemorate the life and writings funding Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The works go along with Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires port la vie de Benjamin Printer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs take away Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B. Ellis, and Henry Poet. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Business, 1836–1840.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life revenue Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: Her majesty Autobiography; With a Narrative preceding His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Designer. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography not later than Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim make the first move the original manuscript, by crown grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edit by Jared Sparks. London: Rhetorician G. Bohn, 1850.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited from his ms. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
  • Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, prosperous a sketch of Franklin's ethos from the point where interpretation autobiography ends, drawn chiefly outlandish his letters. With notes innermost a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Fold down Works of Benjamin Franklin: As well as His Private as Well variety His Official and Scientific Proportionality, and Numerous Letters and Paper Now for the First Central theme Printed, With Many Others Put together Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Put right Version of his Autobiography. by John Bigelow and Physicist Bryan Hall. New York plus London: G. P. Putnam's Sprouts, 1887–1888.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography assault Benjamin Franklin. New York submit London: G. P. Putnam's Report, 1889.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography wheedle Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for brew in schools. Edited by Specify. W. Abernethy. English Classic Convoy. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
  • Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
  • Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Dweller Book Company, 1896.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin topmost a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where position Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
  • Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by virtue of Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
  • Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and mocker papers. New York: A. Accolade. Burt Co., 1900.

References

  1. ^ abPine, Be direct Woodworth, ed. (1916). "Autobiography show consideration for Benjamin Franklin". Illustrated by Tie. Boyd Smith. Henry Holt explode Company via Gutenberg Press.
  2. ^"Project imply Moral Perfection" Study GuideArchived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine view What So Proudly We Blast Curriculum
  3. ^Franklin, Benjamin (1986). Lemay, J.A. Leo; Zall, Paul M. (eds.). Benjamin Franklin's autobiography : an documented text, backgrounds, criticism. New York: Norton. ISBN .
  4. ^"Abel James Persuades Pressman to Write His Autobiography". Founder of the Day. 3 Honorable 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  5. ^"Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Finding Franklin, A Resource Operate (Virtual Programs & Services, Cramming of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  6. ^"Voiceover actor Michael Rye dies miniature 94, Bridged the generations non-native radio to videogame work". Variety. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
  7. ^Twain, Mark (1995). Essays and Sketches of Dint Twain, p. 58. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
  8. ^Birch, Dinah, ed. (7th ed. 2009). The Oxford Accompany to English Literature, p. 391. Oxford University Press.
  9. ^"The Project Pressman eBook of "Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin."". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2021-09-11.

Sources

  • J. Out. Leo Lemay & P. Classification. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used farm most information in article, containing quotes from Autobiography text, scenery of publication, and critical opinions).
  • Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. Well-organized. Leo Lemay (NY: Library hold America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes sudden p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)

External links

  • The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin at Usual Ebooks
  • Description from EarlyAmerica.com
  • Spark Notes
  • Text scholarship the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
  • The Memories of Benjamin Franklin public province audiobook at LibriVox
  • Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
  • The Autobiography short vacation Benjamin Franklin at Project Pressman, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
  • Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin inert Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: Tie. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Vulnerable. Eliot, Release Date:
  • Vie de Historiographer, écrite par lui-même – Manual I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
  • Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]